In today's world, plenty of problems are complicated to such an extent that they cannot be successfully tackled by one actor. In areas such as health care, education or environment, what is necessary for lasting and comprehensive effects is cooperation between a variety of parties with competence. They can pool know-how and resources to arrive at solutions which can address the entirety of an issue, because it is only this way that they can be resolved -- not by extinguishing hot spots in specific area, but by a holistic effort. Experts are increasingly speaking of a method of problem-solving called collective effort or collective impact, in which work is done on a number of fronts by a series of actors, each with a stake in getting rid of a problem and each with a distinct set of competences at hand.
A classic field where there are massive shortcomings to be addressed is education. They are also too complex in their nature for only a school or only parents to target with any measure of total success. What is necessary is cobbling together a partnership of parties, including organizations that bring insights from a private sector and NGOs. There is simply too big a number of intricate challenges -- from the role of families in the learning process to the quality of classrooms to such issues as after-school activities and summer learning loss. No single institution or individual can get these things straight.
